5 steps to perfect skin

It only takes four minutes a day.

Cleansers A cleanser is any product that removes sebum (skin oils), dirt and other undesirable substances from the skin. Cleansers range from very moisturising to very drying and should be chosen to match your skin type.

Any cleanser that acts through a process of emulsification will do the trick. Emulsification is the term used when the product contains a chemical that is able to grab oils off your skin by virtue of combining them with water, enabling it to bind and therefore remove oil, dirt trapped in the oil and other debris.

Toners The cleansing process is really a two-step process. After using a soap or cleanser, the next step is to use a toner to remove any additional residual oil, dirt or cleanser from the skin's surface.

In order for a cleanser to accomplish this process by itself it would have to be very strong and would probably cause irritation. Using a gentler cleanser plus a toner optimises the efficacy of products and reduces the possibility of irritation.

Active products The outer layer of the skin consists of dead cells that are constantly being sloughed off and replaced. The sloughing process, when it works properly, reduces and helps eliminate discolourations and textural issues, resulting in a complexion that is more radiant, youthful and healthy-looking.

As skin ages, dead-cell sloughing naturally slows down and doesn't work properly. Exfoliating can be mechanically accomplished through such procedures as microdermabrasion, or through the use of products that incorporate granules into a cleanser or cream.

Or it can be chemically accomplished through active ingredients such as alpha hydroxy acid (glycolic acid, lactic acid) or beta hydroxy acid (salicylic acid).

Sunscreens and moisturisers The final products you need to complete your skincare routine are a sunscreen and a moisturiser. You should apply sunscreen 365 days a year. It is extremely important to use a sunscreen that is right for your skin type.

Surface oil plays an important part in preserving dry skin by acting as a barrier that prevents evaporative water loss, which is why you should use a moisturiser.

The more oil a moisturiser contains, the more effective it becomes; but the greasier and (to some people) the more unpleasant it feels, the more apt it is to aggravate acne in people with oily and combination skin

Morning routine :
1 Cleanse the skin
2 Prepare the skin with toner
3 Use an active ingredient
4 Apply sunscreen 

Evening routine :
1 Cleanse the skin
2 Prepare the skin with toner
3 Use an active ingredient
5 Apply moisturiser